Python

Python

Python Package

License Declaration

# Option 1: Direct license identifier (if using a standard license)
license = {text = "MIT"}

# Option 2: SPDX identifier
license = "MIT"

# Option 3: File reference
license = {file = "LICENSE"}

Multiple Package

[tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
packages = ["src/package1", "src/package2"]

Install Package

pip install git+https://github.com/org/repo@branch[web]

pip 的行为：

• pip 将整个 branch[web] 作为 git 引用（分支名）传递给 git
• git 尝试 checkout 名为 branch[web] 的分支，但这个分支不存在
• 方括号 [web] 实际上是 pip 的 extras 语法，用于指定可选依赖

uv pip install git+https://github.com/org/repo@branch[web]

uv pip 的行为：

• uv 对 PEP 508 依赖规范的解析更加准确和严格，能正确处理复杂的 URL 语法
• 能正确将 [web] 识别为 extras
• 只将 branch 作为 git 引用传递给 git

解决pip安装branch[web]问题

方案 1：使用引号（推荐）

pip install "git+https://github.com/org/repo@branch#egg=package[web]"

方案 2：先安装基础包，再安装 extras

pip install git+https://github.com/org/repo@branch
pip install package[web]

方案 3：使用 URL 编码

pip install "git+https://github.com/org/repo@branch#egg=package%5Bweb%5D"

（%5B = [, %5D = ]）

pyyaml

Below will be None in python

• null/Null/NULL/~ or key: <- empty

Below will be boolean, If need string, should use "True" rather than True

• true/True/TRUE/yes/Yes/YES/on/On/ON
• false/False/FALSE/no/No/NO/off/Off/OFF

Below distinguish dict and string

• key: value in which : followed by space will be dict
• key:value like https: will be string

https://example.com/ 中的冒号 : 后面有斜杠 //，YAML 解析器会将整个值识别为字符串

Regex

matches = re.finditer(r"### \d+\. `(.*?)` - (.*?)\n\n```\w+\n(.*?)```", raw, re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL)
for match in matches:
    file, statment, content = match.group(1), match.group(2), match.group(3)
    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(file), exist_ok=True)
    with open(file, "w", encoding="utf8") as f:
        f.write(content)

Networkx

import networkx as nx

G = nx.Graph()
G.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 1)])

subgraph = nx.subgraph(G, [1, 2, 3])

degrees = [v.degree() for v in subgraph.nodes()]
print(degrees)  # Output: [2, 2, 2]

Fabric

Fabric is a high level Python library designed to execute shell commands remotely over SSH, yielding useful Python objects in return. It builds on top of Invoke (subprocess command execution and command-line features) and Paramiko (SSH protocol implementation), extending their APIs to complement one another and provide additional functionality.

References

• https://www.python.org/
• https://docs.python.org/3/
• https://donate.python.org/
• https://pypi.org/
• https://github.com/python/